Each microarchitectural element is in turn represented by a
schematic describing the interconnections of logic gates used to implement it.
Each logic gate is in turn represented by a circuit diagram describing the
connections of the transistors used to implement it in some particular logic
family. Machines with different microarchitectures may have the same
instruction set architecture, and thus be capable of executing the same
programs. New microarchitectures and/or circuitry solutions, along with
advances in semiconductor manufacturing, are what allows newer generations of
processors to achieve higher performance while using the same ISA.
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